Metal Nanoparticles and Nano-Filters for the Disposal of Hospital Waste: A Review

The waste of multiple residually harmful hospital pharmaceutical materials such as antibiotics, chemicals, hormonal waste, and residual particles from different types of medicine used in anticonvulsants and antipyretics is one of the most serious health issues confronting health workers today. During the past decades, many efforts were made to remove the effects of this environmental pollution. Efficient, stable, fast, and environmentally friendly methods use nanoparticles such as nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, and nanofilters to reduce the toxicity and side effects of the waste even if they are present at a low concentration. This review describes the use of the nanomaterials, the effects of their concentration, the investigation of their application, and the effectiveness on hospital waste removal.