Review on optical visual sensor technology

视觉传感是人类感知外界、认知世界的主要途径,研究表明人类获取的外界信息大约有80%来自于视觉。作为感知外界信息的"电子眼球",视觉传感器是消费电子、机器视觉、安防监控、科学探测和军事侦察等领域的核心器件。近年来视觉传感器技术发展迅速,不同类型的传感器从不同维度提供丰富的视觉数据,不断增强人类感知与认知能力,视觉传感器研究工作具有重要的理论与应用需求。本报告以典型光学视觉传感器技术为主线,通过综合国内外文献和相关报道,从CCD图像传感器、CMOS图像传感器、智能视觉传感器以及红外图像传感器等研究方向,梳理论述近年来光学视觉传感器技术的发展现状、前沿动态、热点问题和趋势。;Visual sensing technique is essential for human to perceive and understand the world around them. An electronic eyeball can be melted into outdoor-related visual information, and visual sensors are equipped with such domains like consumer electronics, machine vision, surveillance, and academic researches. Visual sensor technology-based multiple sensors can be used to richer multi-dimension visual data, which can enhance human-related perceptive and cognitive ability. This literature review is focused on the growth of optical visual sensor technology, including such image sensors in relevance to CCD, CMOS, intelligent-visual, and infrared-context. The CMOS image sensor chip is produced in terms of CMOS technology, in which image acquisition unit and signal processing unit can be integrated into the same chip. It can be massproduced to a certain extent. Cost-effective applications can be oriented to such aspects in related to small size, light weight, low cost and low power consumption. With the rapid development of autonomous driving, intelligent transportation, machine vision and other fields, multi-functional and intelligent CMOS image sensors with small size will become the focus of research. The emerging CCD sensor technology and its applications have been facilitating as well. The potentials of CCD image sensor can be applied for such domains in related to remote sensing, astronomy, low light detection. In the future, the multi-spectral TDI CCD architecture based on CCD and CMOS fusion technology will be widely used. Infrared image sensor is configured and set that infrared radiation detection can be converted into physical quantity. The high-performance digital signal processing function can be integrated on the infrared focal plane. The newly infrared image sensor can be focused on larger array, higher resolution, wider spectrums, more flexible sensitivity, multi-band, and system-level chip further.