In situ deformation behavior of laser additive manufacturing Ti–6Al–4V alloy at room and high temperatures: A review

The use of laser directed melting deposited (LDMD) Ti–6Al–4V alloys is mostly seen in the field of aeronautics. Clearly demonstrating the deformation method as a function of application conditions is of utmost importance. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical characteristics and dynamic substructure formation of LDMD (Ti–6Al–4V) alloys at different temperatures, namely 23, 650, and 200 °C. This review study examines the mechanisms of deformation at both low and high temperatures. Tensile testing was conducted in situ using scanning electron microscopy to examine the onset and progression of fractures. At temperatures of 23 and 650 °C, the experimental findings demonstrated a strength decrease and elongation increase at the climbed temperature. At a temperature of 200 °C, the microstructure of the sample was composed of inclined α-plates oriented in the direction of construction and columnar β-grains with zigzag grain borders, according to the results. Consequently, when the temperature was increased to 200 °C, a greater degree of elongation and a decrease in cross-sectional area were observed compared to the conditions at ambient temperature.