Recent advances in the application of MOFs and COFs composites for sample preparation

Sample preparation, a vital element across analytical procedures, enhances accuracy, sensitivity, and enrichment of trace analytes, widely applied in food safety, environmental analysis, medicine and health. The choice of extraction materials, a pivotal determinant of efficacy, has been advanced by the development of novel materials, driving progress in sample preparation technologies. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) and their composites boast exceptional stability, tunable pores, vast specific surface areas, conferring versatility and applicability across diverse sample preparation domains. Here, we have reviewed the preparation strategies for MOFs, COFs, and their hybrid composites, comprehensively introducing the diverse applications of them in sample preparation. Furthermore, the challenges and development trends for sample preparation in combination with the development of materials were summarized and discussed.