Balancing energy and thermal stability: a review of advanced heat-resistant energetic materials

. By systematically classifying HREMs into single-ring, fused-ring, bridged, and bridged-fused-ring compounds, this review highlights the key structure-property relationships that determine their thermal stability and detonation performance. Finally, design principles for high-energy HREMs and an outlook on future research directions and challenges are proposed, aiming to contribute to the innovation and development of next-generation HREMs.