Chemical toxicity and radioactivity of depleted uranium: The evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies

贫化铀 毒性 体内 微核试验 表观遗传学 DNA损伤 化学毒性 毒理 生物 化学 生理学 放射化学 DNA 遗传学 物理 基因 有机化学 核物理学
作者
Adna Ašić,Amina Kurtović-Kozarić,Larisa Bešić,Lejla Mehinović,Azra Hasić,Mirza Kozarić,Mirsada Hukić,Damir Marjanović
出处
期刊:Environmental Research [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:156: 665-673 被引量:132
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.032
摘要

The main aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current state of knowledge on chemical toxicity and radioactivity of depleted uranium (DU) and their effect on living systems and cell lines. This was done by presenting a summary of previous investigations conducted on different mammalian body systems and cell cultures in terms of potential changes caused by either chemical toxicity or radioactivity of DU. In addition, the authors aimed to point out the limitations of those studies and possible future directions. The majority of both in vitro and in vivo studies performed using animal models regarding possible effects caused by acute or chronic DU exposure has been reviewed. Furthermore, exposure time and dose, DU particle solubility, and uranium isotopes as factors affecting the extent of DU effects have been discussed. Special attention has been dedicated to chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage and DNA breaks, as well as micronuclei formation and epigenetic changes, as DU has recently been considered a possible causative factor of all these processes. Therefore, this approach might represent a novel area of study of DU-related irradiation effects on health. Since different studies offer contradictory results, the main aim of this review is to summarize and briefly discuss previously obtained results in order to identify the current opinion on DU toxicity and radioactivity effects in relation to exposure type and duration, as well as DU properties.
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