Vaccinia‐related kinase 2 modulates role of dysbindin by regulating protein stability

Abstract Vaccinia‐related kinase 2 ( VRK 2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the casein kinase 1 family. VRK 2 has long been known for its relationship with neurodegenerative disorders such as schizophrenia. However, the role of VRK 2 and the substrates associated with it are unknown. Dysbindin is known as one of the strong risk factors for schizophrenia. The expression of dysbindin is indeed significantly reduced in schizophrenia patients. Moreover, dysbindin is involved in neurite outgrowth and regulation of NMDA receptor signaling. Here, we first identified dysbindin as a novel interacting protein of VRK 2 through immunoprecipitation. We hypothesized that dysbindin is phosphorylated by VRK 2 and further that this phosphorylation plays an important role in the function of dysbindin. We show that VRK 2 phosphorylates Ser 297 and Ser 299 of dysbindin using in vitro kinase assay. In addition, we found that VRK 2‐mediated phosphorylation of dysbindin enhanced ubiquitination of dysbindin and consequently resulted in the decrease in its protein stability through western blotting. Over‐expression of VRK 2 in human neuroblastoma ( SH ‐ SY 5Y) cells reduced neurite outgrowth induced by retinoic acid. Furthermore, a phosphomimetic mutant of dysbindin alleviated neurite outgrowth and affected surface expression of N ‐methyl‐ d ‐aspartate 2A, a subunit of NMDA receptor in mouse hippocampal neurons. Together, our work reveals the regulation of dysbindin by VRK 2, providing the association of these two proteins, which are commonly implicated in schizophrenia. Open science badges This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/ . image