The Number of Irreducible Factors of a Polynomial. I

Let $F(x)$ be a polynomial with coefficients in an algebraic number field $k$. We estimate the number of irreducible cyclotomic factors of $F$ in $k[x]$, the number of irreducible noncyclotomic factors of $F$, the number of $n$th roots of unity among the roots of $F$, and the number of primitive $n$th roots of unity among the roots of $F$. All of these quantities are counted with multiplicity and estimated by expressions which depend explicitly on $k$, on the degree of $F$ and height of $F$, and (when appropriate) on $n$. We show by constructing examples that some of our results are essentially sharp.