Ovarian cancer: Pathogenesis and current recommendations for prophylactic surgery

Epidemiology of Ovarian CancerOvarian cancer ranks as the fifth leading cause of malignancyassociated mortality in females (10,11).In 2008, an estimated 225,500 women were diagnosed as having ovarian cancer worldwide, and in 2012 it was estimated that there were 238,700 new cases, and 151,900 women died of ovarian cancer (12).In general, ovarian cancer is more common in developed countries than developing countries with the highest incidence in Northern Europe (13.3 per 100,000 per year) and the lowest incidence in North Africa (2.6 per 100,000 per year).In Asia, the estimated incidence of ovarian cancer in China is 3.2 per 100,000 per year (12).In Indonesia, there are no national data on the incidence of ovarian cancer, but in 2002 it was estimated that 829 new cases were diagnosed (2).The incidence of ovarian cancer increases with age, with a peak incidence at the age of 50-60 years (3,4).