Advanced Glycation End Products Induce Atherosclerosis via RAGE/TLR4 Signaling Mediated‐M1 Macrophage Polarization‐Dependent Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Conversion

AGEs induced activation of RAGE/TLR4/FOXC2 signaling, which featured macrophage with Dll4 high expression during M1 polarization. These macrophages promoted contractile-synthetic phenotypic conversion of VSMCs through the Dll4/Notch pathway after direct cell-to-cell contacts.