With the development of optical data storage technology, how to improve storage density has been paid much attention to. Using the method of channel analysis, the factors and parameters influencing optical storage density are discussed, and it is concluded that the resolution of the optical system and the storage mechanism are two most important factors. In order to realize high density storage, either the resolution is improved through shorter wavelength, larger numerical aperture, super resolution and adding one more recording dimensions, or storage mechanism by decreasing recording spots and multiplexing recording spots.