Simvastatin attenuates endothelial dysfunction in a coronary artery-on-a-chip

) regions. Importantly, for the first time, simvastatin was found to decouple ICAM-1 expression from shear. Consequently, under dysfunctional conditions, human immune cells adhered across the chip, with spatial mapping revealing preferential adhesion at the bifurcation, which was substantially reduced by pre-treatment with simvastatin. This coronary artery-on-a-chip establishes a system to spatially map functional changes in endothelial cell behaviour in response to differential shear, geometry and drug treatment, enabling future studies into plaque initiation events and treatment targets.