The difference in nasal bacterial microbiome diversity between chronic rhinosinusitis patients with polyps and a control population

Background Little is known regarding the role of the microbiome of the paranasal sinuses and its contribution to sinus mucosal health and disease. Consequently, we examined the microbiome of chronic rhinosinusitis patients with polyps (CRSwNP) and a control population to provide new insights into the microbiota associated with the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. Methods Fifty‐nine CRSwNP patients and 27 controls were enrolled in the study. The bacterial communities of the middle meatus were detected using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)‒targeted Illumina MiSeq sequencing after microbial DNA was extracted from swabs. Results Although there was no difference in diversity between the 2 groups, richness was lower in the CRSwNP group than in the control group ( p = 0.03). At the phylum level, Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , and Bacteroidetes were predominant in both groups; however, the relative abundance was different, with the proportions of Actinobacteria (predominantly Corynebacterium ) and Dolosigranulum being significantly higher in the control group than in the CRSwNP group. Conclusion These results support the theory of microbial dysbiosis as the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. The reduction in the proportions of potentially protective bacteria may decrease the overall stability of the sinonasal bacterial community.