Cancer Cell Membrane Camouflaged Semi-Yolk@Spiky-Shell Nanomotor for Enhanced Cell Adhesion and Synergistic Therapy

Cell adhesion of nanosystems is significant for efficient cellular uptake and drug delivery in cancer therapy. Herein, a near-infrared (NIR) light-driven biomimetic nanomotor is reported to achieve the improved cell adhesion and cellular uptake for synergistic photothermal and chemotherapy of breast cancer. The nanomotor is composed of carbon@silica (C@SiO2 ) with semi-yolk@spiky-shell structure, loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and camouflaged with MCF-7 breast cancer cell membrane (i.e., mC@SiO2 @DOX). Such biomimetic mC@SiO2 @DOX nanomotors display efficient self-thermophoretic propulsion due to a thermal gradient generated by asymmetrically spatial distribution. Moreover, the MCF-7 cancer cell membrane coating can remarkably reduce the bioadhesion of nanomotors in biological medium and exhibit highly specific self-recognition of the source cell line. The combination of effective propulsion and homologous targeting dramatically improves cell adhesion and the resultant cellular uptake efficiency in vitro from 26.2% to 67.5%. Therefore, the biomimetic mC@SiO2 @DOX displays excellent synergistic photothermal and chemotherapy with over 91% MCF-7 cell growth inhibition rate. Such smart design of the fuel-free, NIR light-powered biomimetic nanomotor may pave the way for the application of self-propelled nanomotors in biomedicine.