医学
标准化
危险分层
医学物理学
膀胱癌
阶段(地层学)
肿瘤科
癌症
内科学
计算机科学
生物
操作系统
古生物学
作者
Valeria Panebianco,Martina Pecoraro,Francesco Del Giudice,Mitsuru Takeuchi,Valdair Francisco Muglia,Emanuele Messina,Stefano Cipollari,Gianluca Giannarini,Carlo Catalano,Yasuo Narumi
摘要
Bladder cancer (BCa) is among the ten most frequent cancers globally. It is the tumor with the highest lifetime treatment-associated costs, and among the tumors with the heaviest impacts on postoperative quality of life. The purpose of this article is to review the current applications and future perspectives of the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS). VI-RADS is a newly developed scoring system aimed at standardization of MRI acquisition, interpretation, and reporting for BCa. An insight will be given on the BCa natural history, current MRI applications for local BCa staging with assessment of muscle invasiveness, and clinical implications of the score for disease management. Future applications include risk stratification of nonmuscle invasive BCa, surveillance, and prediction and monitoring of therapy response. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
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