Assessment of Psychological Distress among the General Public in Saudi Arabia during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic

Background: COVID 19 and its preventative measures have disrupted people's day-to-day lives and jobs and consequently had an impact on their health and wellbeing. Studies have revealed high levels of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychological distress among the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, it aimed to determine the characteristics of highly susceptible population. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study using an online self-administered questionnaire gathering sociodemographic information and using the Kessler scale, which measures psychological distress. A total of 1,058 people agreed to participate in the study and completed the questionnaire. Results: The study findings showed that 48.6% (n=514) of the study’s respondents were psychologically distressed, i.e. either in the high or very high distress category. Significantly higher ratings of psychological distress were observed among female participants, younger adults, those who self-reported poor health status, single persons, students, individuals with caring responsibilities and those who have no access to a private outdoor space. This distress was also found among those who have been in close or indirect contact with an individual with confirmed COVID-19 infection, P< 0.05. Conclusion: Psychological distress has been widely prevalent among the general public in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Saudi government and the health authorities should pay special attention to the highly susceptible population and implement effective strategies to preserve and improve the mental health and wellbeing of these individuals.