This chapter contains sections titled: Purpose and expected outcomes Brief historical perspectives Types of mutations Mutagenic agents Types of tissues used for mutagenesis Factors affecting the success of mutagenesis Mutation breeding of seed-bearing plants Mutation breeding of clonally propagated species Mutations from tissue culture systems Using induced mutants Limitations of mutagenesis as a plant breeding technique Selected significant successes of mutation breeding Molecular techniques for enhancing efficiency of induced mutagenesis Horticultural applications of mutagenesis General effects of mutagenesis Key successes of induced mutagenesis Outcomes assessment