In Vitro Regeneration of Fern via Green Globular Bodies

Green globular bodies (GGB) are special shoots—propagules formed during the in vitro cultivation of plant tissues. Due to the high propagation rate, GGB are considered cost-effective for in vitro regeneration of important food and ornamental ferns. In addition, propagation using these meristem structures offer the challenge for the conservation of rare or endangered ferns. GGB tissues can be used for long-term storage by in vitro cell culture cryopreservation. The review presents the current state of research on the in vitro reproduction of ferns via GGB regeneration. The concept of GGB and the stages of their development are discussed. Conditions for GGB in vitro introduction into culture, their initiation, proliferation, differentiation, rooting and acclimatization of sporophytes are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the effect of the composition of nutrient media on the GGB multiplication efficiency.