Tough polyacrylic acid hydrogels with stable swelling and active functionalities enabled by quaternized cellulose nanofibrils and iron ions for absorbent pad interlayers

Hydrogels are highly sought-after absorbent materials for absorbent pads; however, it is still challenging to achieve a satisfactory balance between mechanical performance, water absorption capacity, and active functionalities. In this work, we presented double-network hydrogels synthesized through acrylic acid (AA) polymerization in the presence of quaternized cellulose nanofibrils (QCNF) and Fe