System Structural Error Analysis in Binocular Vision Measurement Systems

A binocular stereo vision measurement system is widely used in fields such as industrial inspection and marine engineering due to its high accuracy, low cost, and ease of deployment. An unreasonable structural design can lead to difficulties in image matching and inaccuracies in depth computation during subsequent processing, thereby limiting the system’s performance and applicability. This paper establishes a systemic error analysis model to enable the validation of changes in structural parameters on the performance of the binocular vision measurement. Specifically, the impact of structural parameters such as baseline distance and object distance on measurement error is analyzed. Extensive experiments reveal that when the ratio of baseline length to object distance is between 1 and 1.5, and the angle between the baseline and the optical axis is between 30 and 40 degrees, the system measurement error is minimized. The experimental conclusions provide guidance for subsequent measurement system research and parameter design.