Toward highly efficient protonic electrolysis cells for large-scale hydrogen production at moderate temperatures

An effective route that produces flat, planar protonic half-cells with impressive dimensions of up to 50 × 50 mm 2 , constructed using NiO–SrZr 0.5 Ce 0.4 Y 0.1 O 3− δ as the fuel electrode, ensuring minimal warping and no cracks in the end-fired state.