Allergic Rhinitis in China: Trends, Challenges and Implications Over the Past Two Decades

Allergic rhinitis (AR), as a common and challenging-to-cure allergic upper respiratory disease, poses severe health and economic burdens globally, including in China. Over the past two decades, the significant environment and lifestyle changes resulting from rapid socio-economic development and urbanisation had a profound impact on the onset and progression of AR in China. This review examines the epidemiological trends in China. Specifically, the regional variation in allergen sensitisation patterns, the changes of these patterns over the past two decades, and the implications of these changes for disease prevention and diagnosis are discussed. We also outline the effects of indoor and outdoor air pollution on AR development, along with exploring corresponding solutions. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is recommended as the first-line treatment for AR in China, and this review provides an overview of its current application, recent advancements, and remaining challenges in its implementation. Notably, biological therapies, administered as monotherapy or combined with AIT, are discussed in light of their revolutionary impact on AR management. Overall, this review highlights the trends and challenges of AR in China over the past two decades, along with their implications for disease prevention and treatment.