In vitro electrochemical biosensor using nanostructured three-electrode electrochemical cells for quantifying tryptase release in blood

This study presents an in vitro nanostructured electrochemical biosensor for the quantification of tryptase, a key biomarker of allergic reactions, in perioperative anaphylaxis screening. Utilizing a nanostructured three-electrode electrochemical system, the biosensor performs electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on a biochip enhanced with a self-assembled monolayer to improve antibody–antigen interactions. The EIS impedance of the biosensor was strongly linearly correlated with tryptase concentration (1–50 ng ml −1 ), ensuring rapid and precise quantification. Tryptase levels were significantly elevated in blood samples from patients with confirmed hypersensitivity to the culprit drug, rocuronium. Comparative analysis revealed a strong correlation between the EIS measurements and skin test results. The integrated nanostructured electrodes enhanced the surface area and electron transfer efficiency of the biosensor, improving both its sensitivity and reproducibility. The biosensor provides a fast, cost-effective, and reliable diagnosis of perioperative anaphylaxis, and is potentially applicable to preoperative allergic drug screening and postoperative identification of culprit drugs.