New material on two closely related subfamilies of the family Gryllidae (Gryllinae and Itarinae) from Thailand and adjacent countries is considered. The following new taxa are described: Velarifictorus (Pseudocoiblemmus) borealis sp. nov. from Chiang Rai Province of Thailand; V. (Velarifictorus) albomaculatus sp. nov. from Ratchaburi and Nakhon Ratchasima Provinces of Thailand; V. (V.) tuberculatus sp. nov. from Nakhon Ratchasima Province of Thailand; V. (V.) cambodiensis sp. nov. from Cambodia; Trullus (Eutrullus) ratchaburi subgen. et sp. nov. from Ratchaburi Province of Thailand; T. (E.) sakaerat sp. nov. from Nakhon Ratchasima Province of Thailand; Minitrullus ochraceus gen. et sp. nov. from Ratchaburi Province of Thailand; Goniogryllus (Goniogryllus) longilineatus sp. nov. from Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces of China; Apterosvercus bolaven sp. nov. from Champasak Province of Laos; Itara (Thaitara) specularis subgen. et sp. nov. from Chiang Rai Province of Thailand. The composition and characters of some subtribes and genera are discussed; the subtribe Sciobiina Randell, 1964 syn. nov. is synonymized with the subtribe Brachytrupina Saussure, 1877; the genus Cryncoides Gorochov, 1988 stat. resurr. is restored as a separate genus (not as a subgenus in the genus Teleogryllus Chopard, 1961); the subgenus Atrullus Gorochov, 2001 is transferred from the genus Hemitrullus Gorochov, 2001 to the genus Goniogryllus Chopard, 1936. Goniogryllus (Atrullus) banlungi Gorochov, 2001, comb. nov., originally described from Camdodia, is recorded for the first time from Champasak Province of Laos; Teleogryllus (Brachyteleogryllus) longipennis Saussure, 1877 is redescribed, and its neotype is designated; the belonging of Apterosvercus bodenklossi (Chopard, 1929) comb. dist. to the genus Apterosvercus Gorochov, 1992 (but not to the genus Cophogryllus Saussure, 1877) is supported.