Overcoming Challenges in Silicon Anodes: The Role of Electrolyte Additives and Solid-State Electrolytes

Silicon-based anodes have emerged as promising candidates for advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their outstanding lithium storage capacity; however, the commercial implementation of silicon-based anodes is hindered primarily by their significant volumetric changes and the resulting solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) instability during the lithiation/delithiation process. To overcome these issues, electrolyte optimization, particularly through the use of functional additives and solid-state electrolytes, has attracted significant research attention. In this paper, we review the recent developments in electrolyte additives, such as vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and silane-based additives, and new additives, such as dimethylacetamide, that improve the SEI stability and overall electrochemical performance of silicon-based anodes. We also discuss the role of solid electrolytes, including oxides, sulfides, and polymer-based systems, in mitigating the volume changes in Si and improving safety. Such approaches can effectively enhance both the longevity and capacity retention of silicon-based anodes. Despite significant progress, further studies are essential to optimize electrolyte formulation and solve interfacial problems. Integrating these advances with improved electrode designs and anode materials is critical for realizing the full potential of silicon-based anodes in high-performance LIBs, particularly in electric vehicles and portable electronics.