Emerging perovskite materials for supercapacitors: Structure, synthesis, modification, advanced characterization, theoretical calculation and electrochemical performance

As a new generation electrode materials for energy storage, perovskites have attracted wide attention because of their unique crystal structure, reversible active sites, rich oxygen vacancies, and good stability. In this review, the design and engineering progress of perovskite materials for supercapacitors (SCs) in recent years is summarized. Specifically, the review will focus on four types of perovskites, perovskite oxides, halide perovskites, fluoride perovskites, and multi-perovskites, within the context of their intrinsic structure and corresponding electrochemical performance. A series of experimental variables, such as synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical reaction mechanism, will be carefully analyzed by combining various advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations. The applications of these materials as electrodes are then featured for various SCs. Finally, we look forward to the prospects and challenges of perovskite-type SCs electrodes, as well as the future research direction.