Nano‐biomaterial Fibrinogen/P(LLA‐CL) for prevention of intrauterine adhesion and restoration of fertility

Abstract Endometrial damage resulting from surgical procedures is a significant cause of intrauterine adhesion, thin endometrium, and subsequent miscarriage and infertility. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective clinical solution to promote endometrial regeneration after severe injury. In this study, we combined fibrinogen (Fg) and P(LLA‐CL) by electrostatic spinning to form a stable nano‐biomaterial Fg/P(LLA‐CL), which can promote endometrial regeneration. After inducing physical injury to rat endometrium, we found that Fg/P(LLA‐CL) membranes placed in the uterine cavities increased endometrial thickness and the number of glands after injury, while reducing the area of endometrial fibrosis. In addition, Fg/P(LLA‐CL) increased neovascularization and decreased COL1A1 deposition. The expression of TGF‐β1, a cytokine that promotes fibrosis, was down‐regulated in the early stage of injury. Finally, fertility assays confirmed that Fg/P(LLA‐CL) improved the pregnancy rate in rats with endometrial injury, and its safety was verified by blood tests and pathological examination of heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. Therefore, Fg/P(LLA‐CL) shows great potential as a safe and nontoxic biomaterial for endometrial regeneration, ultimately improving pregnancy outcomes in patients with intrauterine adhesion.