Ultrasmall Au/Pt-loaded biocompatible albumin nanospheres to enhance photodynamic/catalytic therapy via triple amplification of glucose-oxidase/catalase/peroxidase

The weak catalytic activity of nanocatalysts and the insufficient endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor microenvironment (TME) seriously restricted the efficacy of catalytic therapy, and the non-degradability of inorganic nanocarriers was also unfavorable for their clinical applications. Herein, by depositing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) with ultrasmall size and modifying photosensitizer (IR808), a biocompatible bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoplatform (BSA@Au/Pt-IR808) with triple-amplification of enzyme activity was constructed to enhance photodynamic therapy (PDT) and catalytic therapy. Ultrasmall AuNPs possessed glucose oxidase (GOx)-like activity, by which the self-supplying H2O2 accelerated the dual-enzyme activity of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) of ultrasmall PtNPs, promoting the generation of hydroxyl radical (·OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2). Compared with BSA-IR808 and BSA@Pt, the yields of 1O2 and ·OH of BSA@Au/Pt-IR808 increased by 38.2% and 18.6%. Under the combination action of photothermal therapy (PTT)/PDT/catalytic therapy of BSA@Au/Pt-IR808, the cell viability significantly reduced to 12.8%, and the tumors were completely eliminated, demonstrating the enhanced PDT and catalytic therapy against breast cancer.