Synaptic plasticity is the cell molecule biology foundation of learning and memory. Postsynaptic density plays an important role in synaptic plasticity mechanism in learning and memory.Postsynaptic density plasticity changed vulnerable to presynaptic information and the internal or external environment factors.Sports can change the postsynaptic density plasticity.To explore the influence of exercise training on synaptic structure and function of synaptic plasticity,this paper reviews the structure and function of it and the important relationship between postsynaptic density and synaptic plasticity.Then,reveals the mechanism of promoting effect about exercise training on learning and memory from the molecular levels.