The production and operation of West China peasants aimed at profit-maximization realization is restricted by the essential productive factors they possess and the outside conditions they confront. On this condition, they have to realize the profit-maximization by increasing the irrigated area, amplifying the density of the livestock, and reclaiming wasteland into cultivation by destroying forests and grasslands. These actions are in violent contradiction with the fragile agricultural environment in west China, and give rise to its deterioration.