Recent advancements in perovskite solar cells: flexibility, stability and large scale

Recent progress in organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted great attention due to their impressive photovoltaic properties, and easy device manufacturing with facile layer deposition by solution processes, suggesting their great potential for large-scale applications. Remarkably, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PSCs have jumped from 3.8% of methyl ammonium lead halide, CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Br, I), sensitized liquid solar cells in 2009, to more than 20% of all solid-state solar cells in 2015. Just over the past 6 years, numerous efforts have contributed to promote PSCs with more attractive properties, in preparation for future commercial applications, such as high PCE, high stability, high flexibility, large area, low cost, environmental friendliness, etc. In this review, we will concentrate on the recent advancements in the aspects of flexibility, stability and large scale of PSCs. We strive to present a comprehensive overview and show a deep understanding of the reported strategies for PSC devices with flexible, stable and large-scale properties.