Experimental observation of photonic Landau levels induced by synthetic magnetic fields

Pseudo-magnetic fields, as artificially synthesized gauge fields, have been a subject of significant research attention in classical wave systems. In this study, the pseudo-magnetic field control is realized through bidirectional parameter modulation applied to a two-dimensional photonic crystal. By lowering the symmetry of the photonic crystal, the shift of Dirac cones is induced, thereby forming quantized photonic Landau levels. Experimental observation of quantum Hall-like edge states between Landau levels enables controllable unidirectional transport of electromagnetic waves along both x and y directions. By designing opposite pseudo-magnetic fields within the photonic systems, we can achieve the snake-like interface state. Our research has expanded the physical properties of the pseudo-magnetic field and provided a new approach to its potential applications in electromagnetic wave control.