Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in ovalbumin induced asthma in mice model

Abstract Objectives Desmodium triquetrum DC (Fabaceae) is a plant commonly used in Indian traditional medicine to treat allergies. Asthma is a severe condition, with an estimated 300 million deaths annually, which could increase to 400 million by 2025. Flavonoids, a class of compounds found in many plants, have been found to have beneficial effects in treating asthma. In this study, researchers focused on three flavonoids, Baicalein, Naringin, and Neohesperidin, derived from Desmodium triquetrum DC, to investigate their potential as a treatment for asthma. Methods The study used an aerosolized ovalbumin-induced asthma model to evaluate the effects of the flavonoids on various substances in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, including total differential leukocyte, nitrite, nitrate, TNF, IL-4, and IL-13. The researchers also measured the levels of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde in the lungs. Results The results showed that ovalbumin-induced airway hyper-responsiveness led to a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. However, the flavonoids significantly decreased the severity of airway inflammation. Histopathology results also supported the effectiveness of the flavonoids. These findings suggest that these flavonoids could be a supplementary and alternative treatment for asthma by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory pathway. Conclusions The findings suggest that the isolated compounds have the potential to act cumulatively to decrease the levels of the tested cytokines, normalize eosinophil and activated lymphocyte counts, and significantly reduce MPO and MDA. This indicates a possible respiratory mechanism of action for the drugs.