Hydrogen loss of salt cavern hydrogen storage

Salt cavern hydrogen storage (SCHS) is a vital development direction for large-scale hydrogen energy storage. Hydrogen loss persists in SCHS due to its extreme migration and active chemistry. Loss of hydrogen not only increases costs but also poses a safety risk. It is a crucial problem to find out the main control factors affecting hydrogen loss in salt caverns. In this paper, the ways of hydrogen loss in SCHS were systematically analysed, and grouped into four categories: chemical loss, leakage loss, dissolution loss, and adsorption loss. The mechanisms of each hydrogen loss pathway were scribed in detail, and the factors affecting hydrogen loss were analysed. The amount of loss, frequency and controllability of each loss pathway were compared, and the most significant loss pathways were identified. Prevention and control measures were proposed. The research results are of great scientific significance for the site selection, construction, and operational design of SCHS and are conducive to promoting the healthy and rapid development of SCHS.