钙钛矿(结构)
商业化
光伏
工程物理
纳米技术
光伏系统
瓶颈
化学
计算机科学
材料科学
业务
物理
电气工程
工程类
营销
嵌入式系统
结晶学
作者
Haonan Si,Xuan Zhao,Zheng Zhang,Qingliang Liao,Yue Zhang
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215502
摘要
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have unprecedentedly rapid emerged as a promising next-generation clean-energy-harvesting technology. Compelling market advantages over existing photovoltaic devices include material properties and low-temperature processes. Throughout the development of PSCs, the electron-transporting materials (ETMs) as an integral part, has played a distinctive role in photon-to-electron conversion and device stability. With the accelerating commercialization, the market demand puts forward new criterion for the evolution of ETMs to suitable for flexible, tandem cells and large-scale module development. However, guidelines for low-temperature ETMs critical for industrial applications are still missing. In this review, we discuss the fundamental theory and propose the design guideline of low-temperature ETMs for economical, efficient and stable PSCs. Then, the notable progress of low-temperature ETMs is outlined with emphasis focused on the various low-temperature processing routes. Further, we emphatically reviewed the optimization strategies of low-temperature ETMs for champion solar cells, and extend to large-scale ETMs covering their strategic importance, current status, and development tendency. Beyond that, the service mechanism of low-temperature ETMs are systematically summarized. We conclude with an outlook of critical targets, the key technical challenges of low-temperature ETMs, and outline potential pathways to push the performance bottleneck of low-temperature perovskite cells and modules.
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