Impact of fat types on the visual, textural, and sensory properties of Nanberenji (a traditional gluten-free cookie)

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of various fat types (Bakery fat, Ghee, and Olive oil) on visual characteristics, baking behavior, textural, and sensory properties of a traditional gluten-free rice-based cookie (Nanberenji). The ability of image analysis for measuring some quality properties of prepared samples were also assessed. The obtained data demonstrated that the dough prepared with bakery and olive oil had maximum and minimum hardness values, respectively. However, after baking, the samples prepared with olive oil showed the highest hardness, meaningfully. The given outputs from image processing depicted that cookie prepared with bakery fat (NBF) and samples prepared with olive oil (NOO) had the highest and lowest surface color uniformity, respectively. Over baking time, the intensity and changes in the behavior of image textural features of NG and NBF samples were the same, while NOO samples showed a different behavior. Based on sensory analysis results, olive oil, as a healthy unsaturated fat, is advised to be used in the formulation of Nanberenji to produce a gluten-free cookie with a desirable texture, color, and flavor.