Sprayable Antibacterial Hydrogels by Simply Mixing of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Cellulose Nanocrystals for the Treatment of Infected Wounds

Abstract Antibiotic hydrogels with sustained release profiles are recognized as promising candidates to treat local bacterial infections with reduced adverse effects. However, it still remains challenging for clinical translation of these antibiotic gels due to safety concern of gel ingredients, complicated synthesis and fabrication procedures, and unsatisfactory rheological properties for practical uses in vivo. Herein, the preparation of a type of sprayable hydrogels by ionic interactions between aminoglycosides and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is proposed for the treatment of local infections such as bacteria‐infected wounds. The CNC‐based hydrogels are applicable for all kinds of aminoglycoside antibiotics and show excellent gel stability and rheological behaviors such as shear thinning and fast self‐healing, allowing facile administration by injection or spraying. The hydrogels exhibit efficient antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo, and accelerate bacteria‐infected wounds by spraying on the infected area. The proposed hydrogels by simply mixing of aminoglycosides and CNC provide great prospects for clinical translation in the treatment of local infections.