热导率
热流密度
传热
超材料
联轴节(管道)
扩散
材料科学
傅里叶变换
物理
热的
机械
光学
热力学
量子力学
冶金
作者
Liujun Xu,Guoqiang Xu,Jiaxin Li,Ying Li,Jiping Huang,Cheng-Wei Qiu
标识
DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.129.155901
摘要
Willis coupling generically stems from bianisotropy or chirality in wave systems. Nevertheless, those schemes are naturally unavailable in diffusion systems described by a single constitutive relation governed by the Fourier law. Here, we report spatiotemporal diffusive metamaterials by modulating thermal conductivity and mass density in heat transfer. The Fourier law should be modified after homogenizing spatiotemporal parameters, featuring thermal Willis coupling between heat flux and temperature change rate. Thermal Willis coupling drives asymmetric heat diffusion, and the diffusion direction is reversible at a critical point determined by the degree of spatiotemporal modulation. Moreover, thermal Willis coupling stands robustly even when only thermal conductivity is modulated. These results may have potential applications for directional diffusion and offer insights into asymmetric manipulation of nonequilibrium mass and energy transfer.
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