Hydrogen impact on transmission pipeline risk: Probabilistic analysis of failure causes

Transmission pipelines are the safest and most economical solution for long-distance hydrogen delivery. However, safety and reliability issues, such as hydrogen's impact on material properties including fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth, could restrict pipeline development. This impact may also increase the risk of several pipeline failure causes, including excavation damage, corrosion, earth movement, material failures, and other hydrogen damage mechanisms.