Multidimensional Bird Habitat Network Resilience Assessment and Ecological Strategic Space Identification in International Wetland City

Establishing a resilient bird habitat network (BHN) and identifying ecological strategic areas for protection are critical for conserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem stability in wetland cities. However, existing ecological network studies often overlook dynamic resilience that incorporates explicit species information, and their scenario-based assessments lack systematic evaluation metrics. This study, using Wuhan—an international wetland city—as a case study, integrates Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) and circuit theory to identify a high-quality BHN. A comprehensive resilience assessment and optimization framework is developed, grounded in structure–function–quality indicators and informed by resilience and complex network theory. Key findings include: (1) The network comprises 147 habitat patches and 284 ecological corridors, demonstrating marked spatial heterogeneity. Habitats are predominantly located in the southern and southwestern regions of Wuhan, concentrated in contiguous green spaces. In contrast, habitats in the urban core are fragmented and small. Corridors are mainly distributed in the southwestern and central metropolitan areas. (2) Under deliberate attack, considering resilience centrality, the network’s resilience declined more slowly than in scenarios based on traditional centrality measures. Across combined node and corridor attack simulations, two critical resilience thresholds were identified at 30% and 50%. (3) The ecological strategic space is primarily composed of key habitat patches (58, 108, 117, and 27) and corridors (119–128, 9–12, 122–147, 128–138, 76–85, and 20–29), mainly located in the southern region of Wuhan, particularly around Liangzi Lake and Anshan National Wetland Park. This study advances a dynamic framework for BHN resilience assessment, planning, and restoration, providing scientific guidance for enhancing ecological security and biodiversity conservation in urban wetland environments.