A structural equation model of psychological capital, self-directed learning, and learned helplessness: Implications for postgraduate nursing education

Psychological capital significantly reduces learned helplessness through dual pathways, primarily through cognitive self-directed learning and secondarily through interpersonal relationships. Educational interventions should adopt a comprehensive approach: (1) implementing psychological capital training programs incorporating resilience workshops and reflective practices, (2) transitioning to competency-based, self-directed learning models, and (3) establishing adaptive mentorship frameworks that prioritize supportive communication styles. These evidence-based strategies could effectively mitigate learned helplessness and enhance academic success among postgraduate nursing students.