The Impact Process and Mechanism of Typhoon‐Induced Heavy Precipitation on China's Railway Network: A Case Study of Typhoon in‐Fa

ABSTRACT Typhoon‐induced heavy precipitation has a critical impact on railway networks. However, existing studies have not adequately considered the role of geographic factors in the propagation of disasters within networks, and the typhoon process further complicates the situation. This study analyzed traceable data on train disruptions caused by Typhoon In‐Fa across multiple periods, reconstructed the temporal evolution of the disaster, and quantitatively assessed the impact of its heavy precipitation on China's railway network. The results show that damage and recovery of critical stations and lines significantly affect the expansion and contraction dynamics of the disrupted transportation network. The disruption propagates through the railway network, impacted interconnected nodes, lines, and adjacent areas beyond the disaster zone. The affected epicenter shifts with the typhoon's movement, but the dissipation of the disaster demonstrates a spatial persistence effect. Furthermore, we extracted the spatial organization mode of disrupted railway networks. This paper provides a systematic foundation to enhance disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities for Chinese railways.