Message framing's limited efficacy in counteracting parental hesitancy towards human papillomavirus vaccination for female adolescents: Insights from a randomized trial

Message framing is effective among low-hesitant parents of female adolescents in improving HPV vaccination decisions without economic incentives. Non-narrative evidence and loss-framing messages should be prioritized over narrative evidence and gain-framing messages. Nonetheless, caution is warranted when engaging with highly hesitant parents.