Ultrasound Elastography: Basic Principles and Examples of Clinical Applications with Artificial Intelligence—A Review

弹性成像 弹性(物理) 声辐射力 超声波 剪切模量 生物医学工程 医学 放射科 材料科学 复合材料
作者
Maurizio Cè,Natascha Claudia D’Amico,Giulia Maria Danesini,Chiara Foschini,Giancarlo Oliva,C Martinenghi,Michaela Cellina
出处
期刊:BioMedInformatics [MDPI AG]
卷期号:3 (1): 17-43 被引量:18
标识
DOI:10.3390/biomedinformatics3010002
摘要

Ultrasound elastography (USE) or elastosonography is an ultrasound-based, non-invasive imaging method for assessing tissue elasticity. The different types of elastosonography are distinguished according to the mechanisms used for estimating tissue elasticity and the type of information they provide. In strain imaging, mechanical stress is applied to the tissue, and the resulting differential strain between different tissues is used to provide a qualitative assessment of elasticity. In shear wave imaging, tissue elasticity is inferred through quantitative parameters, such as shear wave velocity or longitudinal elastic modulus. Shear waves can be produced using a vibrating mechanical device, as in transient elastography (TE), or an acoustic impulse, which can be highly focused, as in point-shear wave elastography (p-SWE), or directed to multiple zones in a two-dimensional area, as in 2D-SWE. A general understanding of the basic principles behind each technique is important for clinicians to improve data acquisition and interpretation. Major clinical applications include chronic liver disease, breast lesions, thyroid nodules, lymph node malignancies, and inflammatory bowel disease. The integration of artificial intelligence tools could potentially overcome some of the main limitations of elastosonography, such as operator dependence and low specificity, allowing for its effective integration into clinical workflow.
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