An MRI Study Combining Virtual Brain Grafting and Surface‐Based Morphometry Analysis to Investigate Contralateral Alterations in Cortical Morphology in Patients With Diffuse Low‐Grade Glioma

Background The human brain has ability to reorganize itself in response to glioma. However, the mechanism of cortical reorganization remains unclear. Purpose To investigate alterations in cortical thickness and local gyration index (LGI) in patients with unilateral frontal lobe diffuse low‐grade glioma (DLGG). Study Type Retrospective. Subjects Ninety‐nine patients with histopathologically proven DLGG invading the left frontal lobe (LF; N = 56) or the right frontal lobe (RF; N = 43), and healthy controls (HC; N = 53). Field Strength/Sequence 3.0 T, 3D T1 ‐weighted images and gadolinium enhanced T1 ‐weighted images using magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient echo sequence, T2 ‐weighted images, and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery using turbo spin echo sequence. Assessment In patients with DLGG, virtual brain grafting combined with Freesurfer was utilized to enable automated cortical thickness and LGI calculation. In HC, standard FreeSurfer pipeline was applied to calculate these measures. Radiomic features were extracted from glioma using Pyradiomic software. Statistical Tests General linear model and Pearson's correlation analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results For LF patients, there was significantly increased cortical thickness in the rostral middle frontal gyrus, significantly reduced cortical thickness in the precentral gyrus and hypogyrification in the lingual and medial orbitofrontal (MOF) gyrus in contralateral hemisphere. For RF patients, there was significantly increased cortical thickness in the middle temporal, lateral occipital extending to isthmus cingulate gyrus, significantly reduced cortical thickness in the precentral gyrus and hypogyrification in the lingual gyrus in the contralateral hemisphere. A negative association between four textural features of DLGG and LGI in the right MOF gyrus of LF group was found ( r = −0.609, −0.442, −0.545, and −0.417, respectively). Data Conclusion Cortical thickness compensation was shown in contralateral homotopic location and some distant contralateral regions. Additionally, there was decreased cortical thickness in the contralateral precentral gyrus and hypogyrification in contralateral lingual gyrus. Evidence Level 4 Technical Efficacy Stage 2