Molecular characterization of circadian gene expression and its correlation with survival percentage in colorectal cancer patients

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a form of cancer characterized by many symptoms and readily metastasizes to different organs in the body. Circadian rhythm is one of the many processes that is observed to be dysregulated in CRC-affected patients. In this study, we aim to identify the dysregulated physiological processes in CRC-affected patients and correlate the expression profiles of the circadian clock genes with CRC-patients' survival rates. We performed an extensive microarray gene expression pipeline, whereby 471 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, following which, we streamlined our search to 43 circadian clock affecting DEGs. The Circadian Gene Database was accessed to retrieve the circadian rhythm-specific genes. The DEGs were then subjected to multi-level functional annotation, i.e., preliminary analysis using ClueGO/CluePedia and pathway enrichment using DAVID. The findings of our study were interesting, wherein we observed that the survival percentage of CRC-affected patients dropped significantly around the 100th-month mark. Furthermore, we identified hormonal activity, xenobiotic metabolism, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to be frequently dysregulated cellular functions. Additionally, we detected that the ZFYVE family of genes and the two genes, namely MYC and CDK4 were the significant DEGs that are linked to the pathogenesis and progression of CRC. This study sheds light on the importance of bioinformatics to simplify our understanding of the interactions of different genes that control different phenotypes.