Membranes for low and medium temperature fuel cells. State-of-the-art and new trends

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are considered as a key issue against oil rarefaction and green house gas emissions. But some problems prevent from the wide use of this type of fuel cells in modern technologies. A lot of attempts were made in order to increase working temperature of membranes up to 120–150°C and to decrease the dependence of their conductivity on humidity. In this review novel results concerning new types of membrane syntheses, approaches to the membrane modification and on the membrane use in low and medium temperature fuel cells are considered.