Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

#### The bottom line Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the second most common psychiatric disorder of childhood.1 The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study found that worldwide point prevalence rates of childhood ADHD were 2.2% in males and 0.7% in females.2 However, the diagnosis rates of and treatment approaches to ADHD vary worldwide, which feeds some of the uncertainties that have become a hallmark of the management of ADHD. #### Sources and selection criteria We searched PubMed for meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomised controlled trials on epidemiology and drug and non-drug treatments of ADHD published from January 2004 to December 2013 (and updated December 2014). We also read the national and international guidelines for ADHD by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the European Guidelines for Hyperkinetic Disorders, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Further landmark studies were added, and we also sought additional expert opinion. #### How patients were involved in the creation of this article We sought accounts from children, adolescents, and young adults with ADHD and their parents on their experience of healthcare and include some of these accounts as part of this review to provide essential information on the perceptions of …