Pesticide Metabolism in Plants, Insects, Soil Microbes and Fishes

Pesticides are extensively used to control crop damage caused by a wide variety of pests. After application, pesticides persist in plants, insects, soil microbes, and aquatic organisms like fishes. They cause toxicity to these organisms leading to their retarded growth and development. However, these organisms try to metabolize absorbed pesticides via their inbuilt detoxification system. This, somehow, helps these organisms to attenuate the negative impacts of pesticides. In addition to this, some of these organisms also act as pesticide bio-remediators, which can be used to remediate pesticide polluted soil and water. The present review makes an approach to explain the various mechanisms of pesticide metabolism in plants, insects, soil microbes, and fishes.