Lattice Boltzmann simulation of turbulent flow in rotating rectangular ducts with various aspect ratios

Because of the existence of sidewalls and the Coriolis force, temporally and spatially persistent Ekman motion is induced in rectangular ducts subjected to spanwise rotation. The Ekman layers affected by the duct aspect ratio (AR) interact with the Taylor-G\"ortler vortices, resulting in a peak shift of the mean streamwise velocity toward the suction or pressure wall. A critical value of AR = 4 is identified for the given Reynolds number of 150 and rotation number of 2.5.